Chap 2: Solving a biological problem
Encircle the correct answer:
Select the correct sequence of biological method. (a) Law → Theory → Reasoning → Hypothesis
(b) Hypothesis → Theory → Law → Reasoning
(c) Hypothesis → Reasoning → Theory → Law (d) Law → Hypothesis → Reasoning → Theory
Ans: c
Select the odd one
(a) Theory (b) Law (c) Hypothesis (d) Ratio
Ans: d
Field of research that examines mathematical representations of biological system called.
(a) Ratio (b) Mathematical biology (c) Proportion (d) Law
Ans: b
Biological method involves all of the following except.
(a) Data collection (b) Observation (c) Experiment (d) Proportion
Ans: d
v) Scientific reasoning moves from specific to general. (a) Inductive (b) Deductive
(c) Observation (d) Both a and b
Ans: a
(vi) Quantitative observation is the use of
(a) Senses (b) Equipment (c) Guess (d) Ratio
Ans: b
(vii) Equation stating that two ratios are equal
(a) Ratio (b) Proportion (c) Guess (d) Senses
Ans: b
(viii) The comparison of two values is called
(a) Ratio (b) Proportion (c) Graph (d) Table
Ans: a
(ix) What is a hypothesis?
(a) The same thing as an unproven theory.
(b) A tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsified. (c) A verifiable observation.
(d) A fact based on quantitative data that is falsified.
Ans:c
(x) In data organization, which method is mostly useful? (a) Table (b) Graph
(c) Ratio (d) Both a and b
Ans: d
2. Fill in the blanks:
(i) Problem solving approach of biology and other sciences called__________.(scientific method)
(ii) Solution of biological problem starts with___________.(observation)
(iii) The key component of the scientific process is ___________.(Hypothesis)
(iv) Scientific reasoning based on “if-then” statement called ____________.(deductive reasoning )
(v) Final step of the scientific method is developing _____________.(law)
(vi) The uniform or constant fact of nature, virtually an irrefutable theory is ____________.(law)
(vii) Once you have the data, you may need to perform _____________ analysis.(methamatical)
(viii) The equation stating that two ratios are equal is called___________.(proportion)
(ix) Ratio is comparison of ________ values. (2 )
(x) The cause of malaria is ____________.(plasmodium)
Define the following terms:
i) Ratio
Ratio is a comparison of two values expressed as a quotient (1st/2nd). Example: A flower has 4 sepals and 12 petals. The ratio of sepals to petals is 4:12.
(ii) Biological method
The biological method is the stepwise process in which a scientist finds out the reason of any biological problem about living things
(iii) Graph
iv) Hypothesis
Ahypothesisisanideathatissuggestedasanexplanationforanatural event, particular experience, or specific condition that can be tested through definable experimentation
(v) Law
A scientific law is a uniform or constant fact of nature, it is virtually an irrefutable theory.
(vi) Inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning moves from specific to general e.g.Shark is a fish. All fishes have scales therefore sharks also have scales.
(vii) Conclusion
Conclusion is where all the results from the experiment are analyzed and a determination is reached about the hypothesis
(viii) Proportion
A Proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equal.
(ix) Observation
The solution of biological problem starts with observation. It can be qualitative(senses) or quantitative ( equipment)
(x) Mathematical models
One key role of mathematics in biology is the creation of mathematical model
4. Distinguish between the following in tabulated form:
(i) Theory and Law
Theory | Law |
Theory can be revised | Law cannot be revised |
Theory describes the natural phenomenon | Law is based on proof |
(ii) Inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning | deductive reasoning |
moves from specific to general | The deductive reasoning involves the use of “if-then” logic. It moves from general to specific. |
Inductive reasoning is also called inductive logic or bottom-up reasoning. | Deductive reasoning is sometimes referred to as top-down logic. |
5. Write short answers of following questions:
(i) Theory is highly reliable scientific explanations, why?
Ans: theory is highly reliable scientific explanation because it is made after regrous scientific experiments and research.
ii) Why biological sciences need mathematical models?
Mathematical models are used to help interpret biomedical data produced by high-throughput genomics and proteomics projects.
(iii) Draw a chart showing steps involved in biological methods
iv) Why table or graph is necessary for data organization?
Researchers and scientists often use tables and graphs to report findings from their research.
Experiment can provide hints toward the structure or mathematical form of a theory and it can provide evidence for the existence of the entities involved in our theories
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